Bilirubin reduces oxidative stress, supports liver and cardiovascular functions, and protects against inflammation-related health conditions.
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Itaconic acid – from immune defense to a target in chronic disease
Itaconic acid shapes immune responses, affects the gut microbiome, and may influence cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and cancer outcomes.
Propionic acid – A short-chain fatty acid with big impact
A short-chain fatty acid produced by gut, it plays a role in energy metabolism, immune regulation, and neurological health
N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA) – Significant metabolite for brain function, metabolism, and disease
N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA) is a key brain metabolite involved in neuronal health, myelin synthesis, and metabolism. Its strong MRS signal makes it a valuable biomarker for neurological disorders, while emerging research links it to oncology, psychiatric conditions, and the gut-brain axis. As metabolomics advances, NAA’s role in diagnostics and personalized medicine continues to expand.
Citric acid – Key metabolite in energy production, bone health, and disease therapy
A key metabolite in cellular energy production and various physiological processes such as fatty acid metabolism, amino acid synthesis, calcium signaling, anticoagulation and the regulation of pH balance.





